Research shows that emotional abuse signs differ not only according to age, but in many cases, according to gender.
Contrasting signs are in part due to styles of parenting boys vs. parenting girls.
Boys are still taught that crying is not masculine, and that displaying anger and other physical behaviours are acceptable. Girls are taught that anger is not ladylike and that showing emotion is part of being female.
Differing social expectations contribute to the way boys and girls display signs of emotional abuse. This was the case when I was growing up. Check out my story for more details.
FACT: A US study that randomly assigned rejection experiences to students found that rejection can dramatically reduce a person's IQ and their ability to reason while increasing their aggression (Baumeister, 20021).
FACT: Emotional neglect is most closely correlated with later development of psychiatric illness (Ney et al., 1994, p.7132).
NOTE: Information pages on this site were based on material from the Canadian Red Cross RespectED Training Program. Written permission was obtained to use their copyrighted material on this site.
1 Baumeister, Roy. (2002, forthcoming). Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes: Anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thought. The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
2 Ney, P., Fung, T., & Wickett, A. (1994, September). The worst combination of child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(9), 705-714.